Research Methodology-An Overview; Procedure of Scientific Research; Some Methodological Controversies and Explanation in Geography; Defining Research Problem; Formulating Hypothesis; Research Design
Methods of Data' Collection; Observation, Questionnaire, Schedule and Interview; Sources of Data in Different Branches of Geography; Sampling: Need for Sampling Methods, Size of Sampling; Measurement and Scaling Techniques, Measurement in Research, Measurement Scales, Sources of Error in Measurement; Scaling: Meaning of Scaling, Scale\of Classification Bases, Important Scaling Techniques.
Processing and Analysis of Data: Processing-Editing, Coding, Classification and Tabulation, Analysis- Measurement of Central Tendency; Dispersion and Relationship, Probability; Hypothesis Testing, Simple Regression.
Interpretation and Preparation of Research Reports: Meaning and Techniques of Interpretation, Steps, Layout and Types of Reports: Theories, Laws and Models in Geographic Explanation.
Application areas for research: