Oceanography

Paper Code: 
GEO221
Credits: 
5
Contact Hours: 
75.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

To mke the students able to know the history of the origin of first order land-forms on Earth and morphology of major Oceans. and understanding of ocean floor as well the property of ocean water. They will be given Information about ocean circulation and all the oceanic currents. Efforts will be made for explaining  Coral Reefs and Oceanic deposits. They will be given the concepts of the Oceanic and Atmosphere interaction and marine resources

15.00
Unit I: 

 Basics of Oceanography

 Origin of ocean basins: theory of plate tectonics and seafloor spreading;

 Ocean morphology and bottom relief: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian

15.00
Unit II: 

 Origin and evolution of island arcs; Estuarine & coastal processes and landforms.

 Topography of the ocean floor: continental shelf, slope, rise, submarine channels, hills, ridges, trenches and abyssal plains;

 Physical and chemical properties of sea water: temperature, Density, Salinity

 Relation between temperature, Density, Salinity

15.00
Unit III: 

 Air-sea interaction and ocean circulation: currents, waves and tides

 Ocean current: cause, types, currents of Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean,

 Effects of ocean currents

15.00
Unit IV: 

 Origin and growth of coral reefs; Ocean deposits: origin, type and distribution;

 Thermohaline circulation and the oceanic conveyor belt.

15.00
Unit V: 

 Ocean and global environment: El Nino and Sea level changes; Oceanic regions & Marine resources

 Marine pollution

Essential Readings: 

 Pinder, G.F., and Celia, M.A. (2006): Subsurface Hydrology, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 485pp.

 Pinet, P.R. (2009): Invitation to Oceanography (5th Ed.), Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, Massachusetts, 609pp.

 Raghunath, H.M. (2006): Hydrology: Principles, analysis and Design (2nd Ed.), New age International, New Delhi, 477pp.

 Davis Richard J.A.: "Oceanography - An Introduction to the Marine Environment" Wm. C. Brown Lowa. 1986.

 Garrison, T.: "Oceanography - An Introduction to Marine Science. Books/Cole, Pacific Grove, USA, 2001.

 Gross, M. Grant: Oceanography, A View of the Earth, Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey, 1987.

 King, C.A.M. Oceanography for Geographers, 1962.

 Sharma, R.C. "The Oceans" Rajesh N. Delhi, 1985.  Singh, R.B. Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, Rawat Publication, Jaipur, 2006

 Ummerkutty, A.N.P. Science of the Oceans and Human Life, NBT, New Delhi, 1985.  Singh, Savinder : Oceanography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019

Academic Year: 
2023-2024