LITHOSPHERE

Paper Code: 
GEO 101
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This paper will help the students to study the earth surface, tectonic occurrences, movements and resultant landforms.                                                                                                      

9.00
Unit I: 
Introduction

Solar system

Origin of the Earth- Introduction to various theories: Gaseous, Planetesimal, Tidal and Big-Bang

Graticule : Concept of Local Time, & Standard Time, Time Zone & International Date Line, angle of inclination)

Geological Time Scale,

Interior of the Earth

9.00
Unit II: 
Origin of Landforms

Origin of continents and oceans-Theory of Continental Drift (Wegener's Drift theory);

Introduction of Plate tectonics, Sea-floor spreading,

Origin of Mountains, Mountain Building Theories (Joly, Kober, Homes).

Theory of Isostasy

9.00
Unit III: 
Forces of the Earth

Forces of the Earth: Endogenetic and Exogenetic

Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Volcanoes  -  Types and related landforms

Earthquakes

9.00
Unit IV: 
Denudation

Denudation: (i) Erosion, Normal Cycle of Erosion by Davis and Penck;

                  (ii) Weathering- types and results

                 (iii) Mass wasting/ mass movements

9.00
Unit V: 
Agents of erosion

Agents of erosion- Works of Running water,

                                             Glaciers

                                             Wind

                                             Sea  Waves

                                             Karst topography

Essential Readings: 
  • Khullar D.R.: Physical GeographY, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • Bunnett,R.B           Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi : Pearson Education, 2006                                 
  • Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • Ahamed, E. Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • Singh, Savinder : Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019            
  • Strahler, A.M.: Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • Prajapati,R.V:         Encyclopedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi : Cyber Tech Publications, 2010           
  • Taneja, Ravi            Physical Geography    Jaipur : Sublime Publications  2006  
References: 
  • Khullar D.R.: Physical GeographY, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • Bunnett,R.B           Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi : Pearson Education, 2006                                 
  • Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • Ahamed, E. Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • Singh, Savinder : Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019            
  • Strahler, A.M.: Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • Prajapati,R.V:         Encyclopedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi : Cyber Tech Publications, 2010           
  • Taneja, Ravi            Physical Geography    Jaipur : Sublime Publications  2006  
Academic Year: 
2019-2020