LITHOSPHERE (Theory)

Paper Code: 
25CGEO101
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course is designed for students to developan understanding of the linkages between landscape form and processes.

Course Outcomes: 

Course

Course Outcomes (Cos)

Learning & Teaching Strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25

CGEO 101

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lithosphere (Theory)

CO1: Analyse theoretical understanding about the theories which are related to the origin of Earth, Interior of Earth & Geological Time Scale. All these topics will make a base to the further topics.

CO2: Acquire the theories of origin of continents and oceans. These are important because they give the base to students for their origin and their place of formation.

CO3: Interpretwhich force, and process is responsible behind all actions on Earth.

CO4: Assess how the landforms degrade with the lapse of time. And they will be introduced with the theories given by Davis and Penck.

CO5: Assess the formation of all kinds of landforms which are built of different agents like Glaciers, underground water etc.

CO6: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.

Approach in Teaching:

Interactivelectures, Discussion, Reading assignments, Demonstrations.

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, Seminar presentation.

ClassTest, Semester end examination s,

Quiz, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and     Group projects

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Origin of the Earth
  • Introduction to various theories: Gaseous, Planetesimal, Tidal and Big-Bang
  • Time Zone & International Date Line
  • Highlights of Geological Time Scale
  • Interior of the Earth

 

12.00
Unit II: 
Origin of Continents and Oceans
  • Theory of Isostasy
  • Origin of Mountains, Mountain Building Theories (Jolly, Kober, Homes).
  • Theory of Continental Drift (Wegener's Drift theory)
  • Introduction of Plate tectonics, Seafloor spreading,

 

12.00
Unit III: 
Geomorphic Processes of the Earth
  • Diastrophic Processes of earth – Endogenetic and Exogenetic
  • Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
  • Volcanoes - Types and related landforms
  •  Earthquakes
12.00
Unit IV: 
Denudation
  • Weathering- types and results
  • Erosion, Cycle of Erosion by Davis, Penck, L.C. King
  • Mass wasting/ mass movements
12.00
Unit V: 
Agents of erosion
  • Running water
  • Groundwater
  • Sea Waves
  • Glaciers
  • Wind

 

Essential Readings: 
  • ·         Khullar D.R.: Physical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • ·         Sharma H. S, Sharma Ganesh.: Physical Geography, Panchsheel Prakashan,
  • ·         Gautam Alka.: Physical Geography, Rastogi Publications,
  • ·         Bunnett, R.B.: Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi: Pearson Education, 2006
  • ·         Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • ·         Ahamed, E.: Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • ·         Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019
  • ·         Strahler, A.M., Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • ·         Prajapati, R.V.: Encyclopaedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi: Cyber Tech Publications, 2010
  • ·         Taneja, Ravi.: Physical Geography Jaipur: Sublime Publications 2006
  • SUGGESTED READINGS
  •  
  • ·         Alister, F. Pitty.: The Nature of Geomorphology, Routledge Library Editions: Geology, 2020.
  • ·         Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers, 2009.
  • ·         Lake, Philip. (1865-1949): Physical Geography, Wentworth Press.
  • ·         Worcester, Philip.G.: A Textbook of Geomorphology, Nostrand Company New york,1948.
  • ·         Thornbury, W.D.: Principles of Geomorphology Second Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
  • ·         Steers, J.A. (1899-1987): The Unstable Earth, Methuen, London.                 JOURNALS
  • ·         Annals of the National Association of Geographers India – Biannual, National Association of Geographers, New Delhi 0970-972X
  • Himalayan and Central Asian studies – Quarterly, Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, ·         Khullar D.R.: Physical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • ·         Sharma H. S, Sharma Ganesh.: Physical Geography, Panchsheel Prakashan,
  • ·         Gautam Alka.: Physical Geography, Rastogi Publications,
  • ·         Bunnett, R.B.: Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi: Pearson Education, 2006
  • ·         Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • ·         Ahamed, E.: Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • ·         Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019
  • ·         Strahler, A.M., Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • ·         Prajapati, R.V.: Encyclopaedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi: Cyber Tech Publications, 2010
  • ·         Taneja, Ravi.: Physical Geography Jaipur: Sublime Publications 2006

 

SUGGESTED READINGS

 

·         Alister, F. Pitty.: The Nature of Geomorphology, Routledge Library Editions: Geology, 2020.

·         Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers, 2009.

·         Lake, Philip. (1865-1949): Physical Geography, Wentworth Press.

·         Worcester, Philip.G.: A Textbook of Geomorphology, Nostrand Company New york,1948.



·         Thornbury, W.D.: Principles of Geomorphology Second Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.

·         Steers, J.A. (1899-1987): The Unstable Earth, Methuen, London.

 

JOURNALS

 

·         Annals of the National Association of Geographers India – Biannual, National Association of Geographers, New Delhi 0970-972X

Himalayan and Central Asian studies – Quarterly, Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, ·         Khullar D.R.: Physical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, 2012

·         Sharma H. S, Sharma Ganesh.: Physical Geography, Panchsheel Prakashan,

·         Gautam Alka.: Physical Geography, Rastogi Publications,

·         Bunnett, R.B.: Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi: Pearson Education, 2006

·         Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984

·         Ahamed, E.: Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985

·         Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019

·         Strahler, A.M., Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983

·         Prajapati, R.V.: Encyclopaedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi: Cyber Tech Publications, 2010

·         Taneja, Ravi.: Physical Geography Jaipur: Sublime Publications 2006

 

SUGGESTED READINGS

 

·         Alister, F. Pitty.: The Nature of Geomorphology, Routledge Library Editions: Geology, 2020.

·         Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers, 2009.

·         Lake, Philip. (1865-1949): Physical Geography, Wentworth Press.

·         Worcester, Philip.G.: A Textbook of Geomorphology, Nostrand Company New york,1948

·         Thornbury, W.D.: Principles of Geomorphology Second Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.

·         Steers, J.A. (1899-1987): The Unstable Earth, Methuen, London.

 

JOURNALS

 

·  Annals of the National Association of Geographers India – Biannual, National Association of Geographers, New Delhi 0970-972X

Himalayan and Central Asian studies – Quarterly, Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, New Delhi 0971-9318

References: 

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026