LITHOSPHERE

Paper Code: 
24CGEO101
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course is designed for students to developan understanding of the linkages between landscape form and processes.

Course Outcomes: 
CO1: Analyse theoretical understanding about the theories which are related to the origin of Earth, Interior of Earth & Geological Time Scale. All these topics will make a base to the further topics.
CO2: Acquire the theories of origin of continents and oceans. These are important because they give the base to students for their origin and their place of formation.
CO3: Interpretwhich force, and process is responsible behind all actions on Earth.
CO4: Assess how the landforms degrade with the lapse of time. And they will be introduced with the theories given by Davis and Penck.
CO5: Assess the formation of all kinds of landforms which are built of different agents like Glaciers, underground water etc.
CO6: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction.
12.00
Unit I: 
Origin of the Earth
  • Introduction to various theories: Gaseous, Planetesimal, Tidal and Big-Bang
  • Time Zone & International Date Line
  • Highlights of Geological Time Scale
  • Interior of the Earth
12.00
Unit II: 
Origin of Continents and Oceans
  • Theory of Isostasy
  • Origin of Mountains, Mountain Building Theories (Jolly, Kober, Homes).
  • Theory of Continental Drift (Wegener's Drift theory)
  • Introduction of Plate tectonics, Seafloor spreading
12.00
Unit III: 
Geomorphic Processes of the Earth
  • Diastrophic Processes of earth – Endogenetic and Exogenetic
  • Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
  • Volcanoes - Types and related landforms
  • Earthquakes
12.00
Unit IV: 
Denudation
  • Weathering- types and results
  • Erosion, Cycle of Erosion by Davis, Penck, L.C. King
  • Mass wasting/ mass movements
12.00
Unit V: 
Agents of erosion
  • Running water
  • Groundwater
  • Sea Waves
  • Glaciers
  • Wind
Essential Readings: 
  • Khullar D.R.: Physical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • Sharma H. S, Sharma Ganesh.: Physical Geography, Panchsheel Prakashan,
  • Gautam Alka.: Physical Geography, Rastogi Publications,
  • Bunnett, R.B.: Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi: Pearson Education, 2006
  • Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • Ahamed, E.: Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • Singh, Savindra: Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019
  • Strahler, A.M., Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • Prajapati, R.V.: Encyclopaedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi: Cyber Tech Publications, 2010
  • Taneja, Ravi.: Physical Geography Jaipur: Sublime Publications 2006

SUGGESTED READINGS

  • Alister, F. Pitty.: The Nature of Geomorphology, Routledge Library Editions: Geology, 2020.
  • Monkhouse, F.J.: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers, 2009.
  • Lake, Philip. (1865-1949): Physical Geography, Wentworth Press.
  • Worcester, Philip.G.: A Textbook of Geomorphology, Nostrand Company New york,1948.
  • Thornbury, W.D.: Principles of Geomorphology Second Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
  • Steers, J.A. (1899-1987): The Unstable Earth, Methuen, London.

JOURNALS

  • Annals of the National Association of Geographers India – Biannual, National Association of Geographers, New Delhi 0970-972X
  • Himalayan and Central Asian studies – Quarterly, Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, New Delhi 0971-9318
References: 
  1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/geomorphology
  2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_ce46/preview
  3. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/Download
  4. https://epathshala.nic.in/
  5. https://egyankosh.ac.in
Academic Year: 
2024-2025