LITHOSPHERE

Paper Code: 
GEO 101
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This paper will help the students to study the earth surface, tectonic occurrences, movements and resultant landforms.

 

Course Outcomes (COs)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment

Strategies

On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

CO1: student will have develop the understanding about the theories which are related to the origin of Earth, interior of Earth and geological time scale. All these topics will make a base to the further topics.

CO2: student will acquire the theories origin of continents and oceans. These are important because they give the base to students the origin and their place of formation.

CO3: student will develop a thinking which force and process is responsible behind the all actions on Earth. 

CO4: After studying this students will have an idea about how the landforms degrade with a gape of time. And they will introduce with the theories given by Davis and Penck.

CO5: students will get to know the formation of all kinds of landforms which are built of different agents like glacier, underground water exists on Earth.

Approach in teaching:  Interactive lectures,

discussion, Tutorials, reading assignments,

demonstration

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self-learning assignments, effective           questions, seminar presentation.

 

Class test, Semester end

examinations,

Quiz, Solving problems in

tutorials,

Assignments,

Presentation,

Individual         and

group projects

 

9.00
Unit I: 
Solar system

Origin of the Earth:

  • Introduction to various theories: Gaseous, Planetesimal, Tidal and Big-Bang
  • Time Zone & International Date Line
  • Geological Time Scale
  • Interior of the Earth

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Origin of continents and oceans
  • Theory of Continental Drift (Wegener's Drift theory):
  • Introduction of Plate tectonics, Sea-floor spreading,
  • Origin of Mountains, Mountain Building Theories (Jolly, Kober, Homes).
  • Theory of Isostasy

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Forces of the Earth

•      Forces of the Earth: Endogenetic and Exogenetic

•      Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

•      Volcanoes  -  Types and related land-forms

Earthquakes 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Denudation
  • Weathering- types and results
  • Erosion, Normal Cycle of Erosion by Davis and Penck
  • Mass wasting/ mass movements

 

9.00
Unit V: 
Agents of erosion
  • Works of                             

-Running water

-Glaciers

-Wind

-Sea  Waves

-Groundwater

 

Essential Readings: 
  • Khullar D.R. : Physical Geography, Kalyani Publishers, 2012
  • Bunnett, R.B. : Physical Geography in Diagrams, Delhi : Pearson Education, 2006 
  • Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.: Elements of Physical Geography, Johan Wiley & Sons, 1984
  • Ahamed, E. : Geomorphology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1985
  • Singh, Savindra : Physical Geography, Pravalika Publications, Allahabad, 2019
  • Strahler, A.M.: Modern Physical Geography. John Wiley and Sons. 1983
  • Prajapati, R.V.:  Encyclopaedia of Outline Physical Geography, New Delhi : Cyber Tech Publications, 2010     
  • Taneja, Ravi.: Physical Geography Jaipur : Sublime Publications  2006   

 

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023