Watershed, Soil moisture; Groundwater storage, recharge and discharge; Groundwater management and conservation; River regimes.
Role of Hydrology in emerging Water crisis, flood management; inter-basin water transfer; Water pollution.
Oceanography: Ocean Bottom Relief; horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, density of sea water.
Oceanic Currents, Waves and Tides, Coral reef: types and origin, Sea level changes; Marine resources: Organic and Inorganic Resource, Fishing and Other Resources.