EARTH SYSTEMS

Paper Code: 
25GEO 144B
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Course Outcomes: 

Course Code

Course Title

Course Learning Outcomes

Learning & Teaching Strategies

Assessment Strategies

25GEO144b

Earth Systems

CO20: Analyze tectonic activities and Earth movements shaping landmasses
CO21: Explain atmospheric functions, circulation patterns, and climatic classification
CO22: Examine oceanic processes (waves, tides, currents) and properties (salinity, temperature)
CO23: Evaluate ecosystem structures and trophic levels in biogeography
CO24: Assess natural disasters and climatic hazards
CO25: Contribute effectively in course interaction

Teaching Methods:
• Interactive simulations (tectonics/climate)
• Oceanographic data analysis
• Hazard case studies
• Ecosystem modeling
• Digital visualization tools

Student Activities:
• Tectonic plate mapping
• Climate classification exercises
• Ocean current diagrams
• Disaster preparedness plans

• Geological process quizzes
• Atmospheric circulation tests
• Ocean system assignments
• Ecosystem analysis projects
• Hazard mitigation presentations
• Group research reports

 

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Geomorphology
• Continental Drift
• Plate Tectonics
• Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces
• Denudation and Weathering
• Geomorphic Cycle (Davis and Penck)
• Earth Movements (seismicity, folding, faulting and vulcanicity)
12.00
Unit II: 
Climatology
• Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
• Insolation
• Heat Budget of Earth
• Pressure and Winds
• Atmospheric Circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation, cyclones and
anticyclones)
• Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite
12.00
Unit III: 
Oceanography
• Relief of Oceans
• Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity
• Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents,
• Waves, Tides, Sea Level Changes
• Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone
12.00
Unit IV: 
Biogeography
• Ecosystem and Ecology: meaning and concept
• Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid
• Trophic Levels, Energy Flows
• Cycles- carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
12.00
Unit V: 
Meteorological Hazards and Disasters
• Cyclones, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Heat and Cold waves Drought and
Cloudburst
• Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past
• Human impact on Global Climate.
Essential Readings: 
  •  Chandna R. C., (2002): Environmental Geography, Kalyani, Ludhiana.
  •  Critchfield, H. (1975): General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New York
  •  Husain M., 2002: Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
  •  Lal, D.S. (2005): Climatology, ShardaPustakBhawan, Allahabad.
  •  MoEF, (2006): National Environmental Policy-2006, Ministry of Environment and Forest ,
  • Government of India
  •  Monkhouse, F. J. 2009: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers,
  •  Nations Environment Programme. University Press, Cambridge.
  •  Odum, E. P. et al, (2005): Fundamentals of Ecology, Ceneage Learning India.
  •  Singh S., 2018: Environmental Geography, PrayagPustakBhawan. Allahabad.
  • Singh, R.B. (1993) Environmental Geography, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi.
  •  Singh, Savindra 2018. Physical Geography, PrayagPustakBhawan, Allahabad.
  •  Strahler A. N. and Strahler A. H., 2008: Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley
  •  UNEP (2007) Global Environment Outlook: GEO4: Environment For Development, United Nations Environment Program.
Academic Year: 
2025-2026