Earth Systems

Paper Code: 
GEO144b
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
After studying this students will have understanding of all about the Tectonic activities and Earth movements. They will understand the functions which are performed in atmosphere and all the climatic activities.Students will acquire the knowledge of how the oceans, waves, tides, currents are originated and how the salinity, temperature work in oceans and which kind of effects can by seen their differences.
Students will develop knowledge towards the ecosystem and tropic levels that exist in Biogeography and will get an introduction to the different types of the disasters and climatic hazards.
12.00
Unit I: 
Geomorphology
• Continental Drift
• Plate Tectonics
• Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces
• Denudation and Weathering
• Geomorphic Cycle (Davis and Penck)
• Earth Movements (seismicity, folding, faulting and vulcanicity)
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Climatology
• Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
• Insolation
• Heat Budget of Earth10
• Pressure and Winds
• Atmospheric Circulation (air-masses, fronts and upper air circulation, cyclones and
anticyclones)
• Climatic Classification of Koppen & Thornthwaite
12.00
Unit III: 
Oceanography
• Relief of Oceans
• Composition: Temperature, Density and Salinity
• Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents,
• Waves, Tides, Sea Level Changes
• Hazards: Tsunami and Cyclone
12.00
Unit IV: 
Biogeography
• Ecosystem and Ecology: meaning and concept
• Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid
• Trophic Levels, Energy Flows
• Cycles- carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
12.00
Unit V: 
Meteorological Hazards and Disasters
• Cyclones, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Heat and Cold waves Drought and
Cloudburst
• Climate Change: Evidences and Causes of Climatic Change in the past
• Human impact on Global Climate.
Essential Readings: 
 Chandna R. C., (2002): Environmental Geography, Kalyani, Ludhiana.
 Critchfield, H. (1975): General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New York
 Husain M., 2002: Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.
 Lal, D.S. (2005): Climatology, ShardaPustakBhawan, Allahabad.
 MoEF, (2006): National Environmental Policy-2006, Ministry of Environment and Forest , Government of India
 Monkhouse, F. J. 2009: Principles of Physical Geography, Platinum Publishers,
 Nations Environment Programme. University Press, Cambridge.
 Odum, E. P. et al, (2005): Fundamentals of Ecology, Ceneage Learning India.
 Singh S., 2018: Environmental Geography, PrayagPustakBhawan. Allahabad.
 Singh, R.B. (1993) Environmental Geography, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi.
 Singh, Savindra 2018. Physical Geography, PrayagPustakBhawan, Allahabad.
 Strahler A. N. and Strahler A. H., 2008: Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley
 UNEP (2007) Global Environment Outlook: GEO4: Environment For Development, United Nations Environment Program.
Academic Year: 
2023-2024